Review Question - QID 214508

A 1-day-old newborn boy is evaluated in the neonatal intensive care unit for respiratory distress. He was born at 34-weeks gestation to a mother with gestational diabetes mellitus who had limited prenatal care. His initial APGAR scores were 5 at 1 minute and 7 at 5 minutes. Over the first day of life he has become increasingly tachypneic with grunting and retractions. A chest radiograph is obtained with the findings shown in Figure A. Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause of this patient's symptoms?