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0.005
5%
6/126
0.01
17%
21/126
0.02
8%
10/126
0.12
13%
16/126
0.24
39%
49/126
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The incidence of this disease is 75 new cases per month / 7500 total population at risk or 0.01 per month; however, since patients are affected for 24 months, they will continue to be counted in the prevalence until they are cured. Over time this means that 0.24 of the population will be affected at any given time, which is the prevalence of the disease. Prevalence defines the total burden of a disease upon a population with regards to the number of people who are cumulatively affected at any given time. It can be calculated as the total number cases in the population divided by the total population at risk for the disease. The total number of cases in the population can be found directly in a cross-sectional study or calculated as the number of new cases within a given time period (for example a month) multiplied by the disease duration (also in months). In this case there are 75 new cases per month, the disease lasts for 24 months, and the population at risk is 7500. Incorrect Answers: Answer 1: 0.005 would be found by dividing the 75 new cases by a total population of 15000; however, this would be a measure of incidence rather than the prevalence (which takes into account the total number sick rather than the ones who got sick during any given month). Answer 2: 0.01 would be found by dividing the 75 new cases by the total population at risk of 7500; however, this would be the incidence rather than the prevalence (which takes into account the total number sick rather than the ones who got sick during any given month). Answer 3: 0.02 would be found by multiplying the 75 new cases per month by 2 years and then dividing by the total population at risk; however, the prevalence should be calculated using the same units for incidence and disease duration. Answer 4: 0.12 would be found by multiplying the 75 new cases by 12 months and then dividing by the total population; however, the prevalence should be calculated by the total number who are sick, which would be 75*24 = 1800/7500. Bullet Summary: Prevalence can be calculated as the number of new cases times the disease duration divided by the total population at risk.
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