Review Question - QID 210484

A 33-year-old comes to her dermatologist complaining of a rash that recently started appearing on her face. She states that over the past three months, she has noticed that her cheeks have been getting darker, which has been causing her psychological distress. She has attempted using skin lighteners on her cheeks, but recently noticed more dark spots on her forehead. Aside from a first-trimester miscarriage 5 years ago and a 15-year history of migraines, she has no other past medical history. She is currently taking ibuprofen and rizatriptan for her migraines, and is also on oral contraceptives. Her mother has a history of thyroid disease and migraines but was otherwise healthy. On exam, the patient’s temperature is 99.1°F (37.3°C), blood pressure is 130/88 mmHg, pulse is 76/min, and respirations are 12/min. The patient has Fitzpatrick phototype III skin and marked confluent hyperpigmented patches over her cheeks without scarring. Her forehead is also notable for hyperpigmented macules that have not yet become confluent. There are no oral ulcers nor any other visible skin lesion. The patient has a negative pregnancy test, and her ANA is negative. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient’s disease?