Bugs Causing Infection in HIV+ Adults Bacteria Bacteria Disease Notes Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare TB-like Especially CD4 < 50 Bartonella henselae Bacillary angiomatosis Superficial vascular proliferation Virus Virus Disease Notes CMV CMV retinitis, pneumonia "Cotton-wool spots" on fundoscopic exam in retinitis, Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusion bodies EBV Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma - HPV Squamous cell carcinoma Anus or cervix HHV-8 Kaposi's sarcoma - JC virus Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) White matter damage in CNS, demyelination Fungi Fungi Disease Notes Histoplasma capsulatum Histoplasmosis (pneumonia) Hepatosplenomegaly Fever Disseminated disease only in immunocompromised Candida albicans Thrush Esophagitis White plaque on oral mucosa Cryptococcus neoformans Meningitis Encephalitis Most common meningitis in AIDS Aspergillus fumigatus Invasive aspergillosis Pleuritic pain Hemoptysis Pneumocystis jiroveci "PCP" ("P. carinii" pneumonia) Especially CD4 < 200 Protozoa Protozoa Disease Notes CryptosporiDium Diarrhea Acid-fast cysts in stool Toxoplasma gondii Brain abscesses Ring-enhancing lesions