Introduction Definition gram-positive bacteria stain purple on a gram-stain test the bacterial cell wall of these organisms have thick peptidoglycan layers, which take up the purple/violet stain Treatment gram-positive bacteria are susceptible to antibiotics that target the cell wall, as they often lack an outer membrane penicillins vancomycin carbapenem daptomycin other antibiotics used include linezolid clindamycin Gram-Positive Bacteria COCCI COCCI COCCI Staphylococcus Staphylococcus Staphylococcus Bacteria Disease Treatment Staphylococcus aureus Abscesses and mastitis Endocarditis Gastroenteritis Osteomyelitis Pneumonia Scalded skin syndrome Skin infections Toxic shock syndrome Penicillinase-resistant penicillins Vancomycin Linezolid Staphylococcus epidermidis Normal skin and genital tract flora Associated with use of catheters and prosthetic devices and biofilm development Vancomycin Staphylococcus saprophyticus Normal genital tract flora Urinary tract infection Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Streptococcus Streptococcus Streptococcus Streptococcus pneumoniae "MOPS" Meningitis Otitis media Pneumonia Sinusitis Penicillins 3rd generation cephalosporins Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A) Pyogenic infections pharyngitis cellulitis impetigo erysipelas Toxigenic infections scarlet fever necrotizing fasciitis Immunologic infections glomerulonephritis rheumatic fever Penicillins Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B) Normal vaginal flora Neonatal septicemia Neonatal meningitis Ampicillin Streptococcus viridans Normal throat flora Dental caries Endocarditis Penicillin G Streptococcus bovis (Group D) Normal gut flora Bacteremia Endocarditis (subacute) Associated with colon cancer Penicillin or ceftriaxone Enterococci Enterococci faecalis (Group D) Normal gut flora Endocarditis (subacute) Urinary tract infection Biliary tract infections Some strains are vancomycin-resistant (VRE) Linezolid and streptogramins Penicillins, vancomycin, or daptomycin Often resistant to penicillin G BACILLI BACILLI BACILLI Spore-Forming Spore-Forming Spore-Forming Bacillus anthracis Cutaneous anthrax Pulmonary anthrax Ciprofloxacin Doxycycline Bacillus cereus Food poisoning (rice) Self-limiting Clindamycin Aminoglycosides Clostridium tetani Tetanus Antitoxin with or without vaccine booster Benzodiazepines for muscle spasms Surgical debridement Clostridium botulinum Botulism Human botulinum immunoglobulin Clostridium perfringens Gas gangrene Food poisoning Clindamycin Penicillin Clostridium difficile Antibiotic-associated diarrhea Colitis Pseudomembranous colitis Metronidazole Vancomycin (oral) Fidaxomicin Fecal microbiota transplant Non-Spore Forming Non-Spore Forming Non-Spore Forming Corynebacterium diphtheriae Diphtheria Erythromycin Penicillin G Diphtheria antitoxin Listeria monocytogenes Meningitis neonatal immunocompromised Amnionitis Spontaneous abortion Granulomatosis infantiseptica Gastroenteritis Ampicillin Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole BRANCHING FILAMENTS BRANCHING FILAMENTS BRANCHING FILAMENTS Nocardia spp. Pulmonary infection (immunocompromised) Cutaneous nocardiosis (associated with trauma) Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Carbapenems Actinomyces spp. Oral and facial abscesses associated with poor dental hygiene or maxillofacial trauma Yellow "sulfur granules" Pelvic inflammatory disease associated with intrauterine devices Penicillin Tetracycline